
This paper studies how the expansion of schooling contributed to England’s Industrial Revolution by increasing upper-tail human capital and entry into skill-intensive apprenticeships.
02 Apr 2026

Economic societies emerged during the late eighteenth century. We argue that these institutions reduced the costs of accessing useful knowledge by adopting, producing, and diffusing new ideas.
01 Jul 2025

This paper studies teacher-directed scientific change during the Scientific Revolution. It shows that teachers at seventeenth century Oxford and Cambridge shaped students’ direction of research.
03 Mar 2025